DAFTAR ISI KARYA ILMIAHKU TERBARU

         DAFTAR ISI    TERBARU

Pekanbaru  10 Mei  2015

                                                                                                                 Mhd. Rakib

DAFTAR ISI

Motto....................................................................................................................... i

ABSTRAK................................................................................................................ ii

KATA PENGANTAR................................................................................................. iii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN.............................................................................................. 1

A.      Latar Belakang..................................................................................................... 2

B.      Perumusan Masalah.............................................................................................. 11

C.      Tujuan Peneltian.................................................................................................. 12

D.     Manfaat Penelitian...................................................................................... ......... 12

1. Manfaat Secara Teoretis..................................................................................................................... 19

2. Manfaat Secara Praktis............................................................................................ 19

E.      Tinjauan Pustaka................................................................................................... 20

1. Review Literatur...................................................................................................... 20

2. Penelitian Terdahulu................................................................................................................... 21

3. Hukuman Fisik Dalam Konteks Indonesia................................................................... 24

       F.  Metode Penelitian............................................................................................. 25

            1. Objek Penelitian.................................................................................................................... 25

            2.  Sumber Data.............................................................................................. 26

            3. Fokus Penelitian........................................................................................... 28

            4. Analisis Data........................................................................................................................... 29

BAB  II DASAR-DASAR KETENTUAN HUKUM ISLAM................................................ 31

A.     Sumber Hukum Islam......................................................................................... 31

1. Al-Quran........................................................................................................

    a. Kehujjahan Al-Quran............................................................................................. 34

    b. Mukjizat Kesimbangan Kata Dalam Al-Quran............................................................36

    c. Cara mengeluarkan Hukum Dari Al-Quran............................................................... 37

            2. Al-Hadits..................................................................................................... 39

                a. Pengertian al-Hadits..................................................................................................................... 39

                b. Fungsi Hadits Terhadap Al-Quran.............................................................. 39

                c. Menguraikan Kemujmalan Al-Quran............................................................41

                d. Mengkhususkan Ayat Al-Quran Yang mutlak............................................... 41

                e. Menqayyidkan Ayat Yang Mutlak............................................................... 44

             3. Ijma’......................................................................................................... 48

             4. Qiyas.............................................................................................. ......... 50

                 a. Ruang Lingkup Pembahasan Qiyas........................................................... 50

                 b. Batasan Penggunaan Qiyas...................................................................... 51

B.     Karakteristik Hukum Islam............................................................................... 53

1. Didasarkan Pada Wahyu Ilahi................................................................................... 60

2. Bersifat Menyeluruh................................................................................................ 61

3. Terkait Langsung Dengan Masalah Moral.................................................................. 61

4. Adanya Orientasi Kolektivitas................................................................................... 63

    a. Rabbaniyah........................................................................................................ 63

    b. Insaniyah........................................................................................................... 64

    c. Wasathiyah........................................................................................................ 64

C. Ketentuan Hukum Islam Tentang Perlindungan Anak........................................ 64

    1. Konsep Hukum Islam Tentang Anak..................................................................... 64

    2. Usia Anak menurut Fiqih..................................................................................... 65

    3. Batas Kewajiban Orangtua Memberi Nafkah Anak.................................................. 66

    4. Kekerasan Terhadap Anak Dalam Kajian Fiqih.........................................................69

    5. Delinkuensi Dalam Kajian Fiqih.............................................................................72

    6. Hukum Islam Tentang Sanksi Terhadap Anak........................................................ 73

        a. Pengertian Sanksi Terhadap Anak......................................................................73

        b. Tujuan Sanksi Hukuman Terhadap Anak............................................................73

        c.  Macam-macam Sanksi Dalam Hukum Islam.................................................... 73

             1) Hudud..................................................................................................... 78

             2) Qishash................................................................................................... 78

             3) Ta’zir  .....................................................................................................79

             4) Mukhallafat.............................................................................................. 79

      7. Sanksi Hukuman Bukan Penganiayaan................................................................ 90

BAB  III KONSEP HUKUM PERLINDUNGAN ANAK DI INDONESIA.......................... 91

A.     Semangat Anti Kekerasan Terhadap Anak........................................................ 91

1.      Pengertian Kekerasan........................................................................................... 92

2.      Sejarah Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak Di Indonesia......................................... 92

a. Penghapusan Hukuman Fisik................................................................................... 92

      b. Memperkuat Aturan Yuridis dan Non Yuridis........................................................95

      c. Menerapkan Hukuman Kepidanaan dan Keperdataan............................................ 95

3. Prinsip Dasar Hukum Perlindungan Anak Indonesia................................................... 100

    a. Sinkronisasi Dengan Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM).....................................................100

    b. Memperjuangkan Prinsip Anti Diskriminasi........................................................... 102

    c. Prinsip Kepentingan Terbaik Bagi Anak..................................................................103

    d. Prinsip Hak Hidup Bagi Anak................................................................................103

    e. Penghargaan Terhadap Anak.................................................................................103

    f.  Mencitakan Suasana Yang Kondusip Bagi Anak..................................................... 105

        1) Menumbuhkan Minat Belajar Anak................................................................... 105

        2) Menumbuhkan Rasa Saling Pengertian...............................................................105

        3) Menghindari Sikap Egois Orangtua Dan Guru.....................................................106

B.     Urgensi Hukum Perlindungan Anak Indonesia................................................. 107

1.      Penjaminan Terpenuhi Hak-Hak Anak.....................................................................108

2.      Keharusan Memuliakan Anak............................................................................... 108

3.      Penghapusan Eksploitasi Anak...................................................................... ...... 109

4.      Tidak menjadikan Hukuman Fisik Sebagai Jalan Pintas............................................ 117

5.      Penyelenggaraan Perlindumngan Khusus................................................................123

C.     Signifikansi Hukum Perlindungan Anak Indonesia.......................................... 125

1. Keberadaan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak Indonesia......................................... 125

2. Pencegahan Terhadap Tindakan Pemaksaan............................................................. 125

3. Tidak Ada Ada lagi Perlakukan Kasar Terhadap Anak............................................... .128

4. Penghapusan Kekerasan Di Sekolah................................................................. ...... 132

BAB  IV ANALISIS TENTANG  KONSEP PERLINDUNGAN ANAK MENURUT HUKUM ISLAM DAN HUKUM PERLINDUNGAN ANAK INDONESIA.................................................141

A.     Perbandingan  Konsep Kekerasan Antara Hukum Perlindungan Anak Indonesia dan Hukum Islam........................................................................................................ 141

1. Perbandingan Paradigma Yang Dianut.................................................................... 141           

2. Perbandingan Istilah Yang Digunakan.....................................................................143

3. Perbandingan Prinsip Hukum Perlindungan Anak.....................................................149

    a. Larangan Memukul Bagi Guru...........................................................................151

    b. Larangan Bagi Orangtua.................................................................................. 151

    c.  Larangan memberi Ancaman........................................................................... 152

4. Analisis Teori-teori Hukuman Terhadap Anak......................................................... 158

     a. Teori Hukum Alam......................................................................................... 158

     b. Teori  Bakat Alam...........................................................................................158

     c.  Teori Ganti Rugi............................................................................................159

     d.  Teori Menakut-nakuti.....................................................................................159

     e.  Teori Balas Dendam............................................................................................................... 160

     f.  Teori Memperbaiki....................................................................................... 160

     g.  Teori Melindungi..........................................................................................162

     h.  Teori Menjerakan.........................................................................................162

5. Hak Dan Kewajiban Anak Dalam Islam................................................................ 163

    a. Batas pengetian Anak.............................................................................. ...... 163

    b. Hak Anak..................................................................................................... 163

    c.  Makna Menghukum Anak Yang Melalaikan Salat...............................................164

6. Analisis Syari’ah Tentang Memukul Anak............................................................. 165

    a. Memukul Anak Untuk Mendidik.......................................................................165

    b. Memukul Anak Yang Melampaui Batas............................................................ 166

    c.  Penukulan Anak Sebagai Instrumen Pendidikan............................................... 170

7. Analisis Para Ahli Tentang Hukuman Fisik Terhadap Anak................................... 179

    a. Analisis Sosiolog..........................................................................................179

    b. Analisis Krimonolog............................................................................. ...... 179           

    c.  Analisis Hukum Islam Terhadap Hukuman Fisik Terhadap Anak...................... 181

8. Nilai-nilai Filosofis Pada Hukuman Ta’zir........................................................... 185

    a. Menghargai Kebijakan Pemimpin.................................................................. 185

    b. Menjawab Kecemasan Islamophobia............................................................ 185

    c.  Jawaban Terhadap Kritik Anti Hukuman Fisik Terhadap Anak........................ 188

              B. Penyebab Terjadinya Perbedaan  Konsep Kekerasan Terhadap Anak Antara    Hukum Perlindungan Anak Indonesia Dan Hukum Islam.......................... 190

                  1. Di Dalam Hukum Islam Ada Konsep Sakral................................... 190

                  2. Hukum Islam Tidak Bersifat Individualisme....................................192

                  3. Hukum Islam Sumbernya Adalah Wahyu....................................... 193

                  4. Sejarah Hukumnya Berbeda......................................................... 194

                  5. Pembuat Hukumnya berbeda....................................................... 195

                  6. Di Dalam Hukum Islam Ada Sanksi Di Akhirat.............................. 210

                  7. Hukum Islam Bersifat Vertikal dan Horizontal................................ 214

                  8. Perbedaan Kaedah Hukumnya..................................................... 216

                  9. Hukum Islam Dapat Menerima Hukum Yang Tidak Tertulis............ 221

                10. Perbedaan Karakteristik Hukumnya............................................. 223

             C. Sisi Yang Sama Antara Hukum Perlindungan Anak Indonesia Dan Hukum Islam  Tentang Perlindungan Anak........................................................................ 235

                1. Sama-sama Mengutamakan Kelmbutan Terhadap Anak................... 236

                2. Sama-sama Mendahulukan Pencegahan Terhadap Kenakalan Anak.. 241

                   3. Sama-sama Memberikan Sanksi Terhadap Orang Dewasa Yang Melanggar Hak- hak Anak       247

                4.  Sama-sama Mempertimbangkan Masalah Etika dan Moral.............240

         Analisis Keseluruhan........................................................................250

         Tesis Penelitian.................................................................................282

   BAB  V SIMPULAN................................................................................. 296

A.      Simpulan.............................................................................................. 296

B.      Rekomendasi........................................................................................ 298

C.      Penutup............................................................................................... 299

   Daftar Kepustakaan.................................................................................. 300   

   Lampiran  1. Daptar Riwayat Hidup

   Lampiran  2